TRANSPORT OF ELECTROLYTES ACROSS CHARGED MEMBRANES .4. FRICTIONAL INTERACTIONS OF THE NEUTRAL AND ALKALINE PERMEANTS AND THE PERMEABILITY REFLECTION PHENOMENA

The relation between permeability and reflection of a solute and the frictional interactions of the permeating species within a membrane (Spiegler formalism), which is valid for dilute up to concentrated media, is presented. The effects of friction between ions, water molecules and the charged polymer matrix on the permeability and reflection coefficients in a system with a Nafion 120 membrane and single sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solution is discussed. The unexpected effect of an increase of reflection of alkali with increasing temperature is discussed, accounting for the effect of local hydrolysis and the temperature relation of water and solute flows.