The Effects of a Physical Activity Program for Fall Prevention among Thai Older Adults

Falls are common problems among older persons, often leading to disability or death. This study examined the feasibility of a physical activity program for fall prevention and the effects of that program on fall efficacy, physical performance, and balance among older adults. The study was based on self-efficacy theory and the concept of movement and balance control appropriate for fall prevention among older adults. A quasi-experimental design was used. Forty Thai older adults in the community who met the inclusion criteria were studied. The experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20) were randomly assigned by the villages they lived in. The experimental group received the Physical Activity Program for Fall Prevention developed by the investigators. This program consisted of self-efficacy enhancement activities, basic movements, rubber band exercise, and a nine-squared walk. Outcome measures were the Fall Efficacy Scale, the Physical Performance test, and Berg's Balance test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. The results demonstrated that the experimental group significantly improved their physical performance and the Berg's Balance test compared to the control group. The program did not increase the fall efficacy score. However, the experimental group significantly improved their fall efficacy score at week 8 after receiving the program. It is feasible that this program can be one kind of strategy applied to improve balance in order to prevent falls among Thai older adults. A larger sample size and a longer period of study are suggested for further study.