BLOCK-MODULAR PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIZATION AND EVOLUTION OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC REGULATORY SYSTEMS (MGRS)

Fundamental character of block-modular principle of organization of molecular-genetic regulatory systems (MGRS) is founded and its heuristic importance discussed. The main principle of emergence and evolution of genes, proteins, genomes, MGRS is block-modular combinating from top to bottom, the modules being just functioning components, fragments of preexisting macromolecules and their systems. Experimental evidence for block-modular organization of MGRS and macromolecules, and the simplest combinatorial estimates are presented proving that total search for sequences of genes, proteins, genomes is impossible, while hierarchical block-modular search with selection of adaptive versions results in necessary functional variety for limited evolutionary time intervals. Main features of hierarchical block-modular organization of macromolecules and MGRS are discussed. Hierarchical structure of MGRS appeared evolutionary as if <<from inside>>. The sources of combinatory variability were exhausted at each stage, which resulted in limiting further evolution and could be overcome via appearance of new level of combinatory block-modules variability.