THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY. LECTURE 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PSYCHOTHERAPY (PART III)

This publication continues a series of lectures by Igor Borisovich Grinshpun about the history of psychotherapy. This part is devoted to the influence of XIX century psychology and philosophy to the psychotherapy and describes a wide range of personalities of that time. It traces the development of the natural science line from Wundt's up to the American behaviorism. We consider some of the ideas of F. Brentano, and their development in the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger existentialism. Indirect and direct influence of this philosophical approaches to different areas of psychotherapy is analyzed. The founded by Dilthey humanitarian direction in psychology are considered, which became a base for humanistic and existential psychotherapy. The meaning of the hermeneutics of for psychotherapy is discussed. The analysis of the A. Pushkin writings' fragments in terms of hermeneutics is done. It addresses the issue of diagnosis in psychiatry and psychotherapy. The influence of F. Galton ideas and inventions to psychology and psychotherapy is described. There is shown the connection between the pseudoscience phrenology and the doctrine of the localization of mental functions, which is important for the development of psychiatry and clinical psychology.