GERMAN BORROWINGS OF THE XVIII - XX CENTURIES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Borrowing is one of the essential means of replenishing the vocabulary in any language. No language can exist without a certain share of borrowed words. Borrowings from the WestEuropean languages make up one of the most significant groups of naturalized words in the Russian language. Words adopted from the Germanic (e.g. German, English, Dutch, etc.) and from the Latin languages (e.g. French, Italian, Spanish) played a significant part in the development of the Russian language through the 18th-20th centuries, first in the context of reforms initiated by Peter the Great and then due to widening political, economic, cultural and military ties. The paper considers the Russian vocabulary borrowed from the German language during this period.