The Pulmonary Edema Preeclampsia Evaluation (PEPE) Study

Background: Women with preeclampsia may develop pulmonary edema, but the reasons for this are largely unknown. Methods: We performed a case-control study of women with preeclampsia at two major obstetrical centres in Toronto, ON, between 2005 and 2012. Cases (n = 28) were women with preeclampsia who had pulmonary edema on a chest CT or plain X-ray during the index delivery hospitalization. Control subjects (n = 64) were those with preeclampsia but no diagnosis of pulmonary edema or heart failure in the index hospitalization for delivery. Study variables were abstracted from each woman's paper chart and electronic medical record. Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination was used to select a final set of significant predictors. Results: Approximately one half of the cases of pulmonary edema occurred antepartum. Each 10 x 10(9)/L reduction in platelet count (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.65) or 10 mu mol/L increase in peak serum uric acid concentration (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.34) was significantly associated with pulmonary edema, as was receiving magnesium sulphate (OR 10.42; 95% CI 1.39 to 78.22). Multiparity (OR 0.03; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.29) and each 500 mL increase in the volume of intravenous crystalloids received (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.98) were associated with a lower risk of pulmonary edema. Conclusion: We identified several preliminary risk factors for pulmonary edema in women with preeclampsia. Additional work is needed to better understand the role of these and other factors predicting the development of pulmonary edema in women with preeclampsia.