Downtown management and homelessness: the versatile roles of business improvement districts

Purpose - Homelessness in the public place presents a complex issue to downtown redevelopment and management efforts. Although business communities are commonly perceived to rake hostile, often punitive, approaches to deal with homelessness, such perception does not reflect recent alternative approaches. This paper aims to examine versatile approaches that district management organizations take to address homelessness, focusing on the role of business improvement districts (BiDs) in the USA. Design/methodology/approach - This paper used a mixed method of data collection and analysis that combines a nationwide survey of BIDs and in-depth interviews with people who work at or in collaboration with BIDs in Washington, DC. Findings - The findings suggest that BIDs, as one of the major organizations that serve the interests of property and business owners in commercial areas, have the potential to balance their traditional roles as a district manager with their alternative roles as advocates, mediators and service providers to address homelessness. Research limitations/implications - Owing to the small number of BiDs reflected in the survey and interviews. the research results may lack generalizability. Further research on the outcomes of the BID-homeless intervention efforts will benefit the future practice. Practical implications - The paper suggests that BIDs can implement a more cooperative approach to addressing homelessness in partnership with the public and human service sectors. Originality/value - This paper discusses the versatile roles of BIDs in dealing with homelessness.