ON THE COGNITION OBJECTIVITY IN QUANTUM MECHANICS

The article is devoted to the specificity of cognition of physical objects in quantum mechanics. It analyses the relations among such categories as objectivity, causality, truth, entity, and suggests a praxeological model of their association. The research illustrates that knowledge is always significant and expresses the value relation of the individual's cognition. The author of the article analyses the specifics of the potential existence of quantum mechanical objects. The article also shows the use of the concept "objectivity" in natural science cognition. Modern physics inevitably faces the question of the origin of "objective reality". This reality is really objective and true, that is, it has all the characteristics of "objectivity". But usually the fact is ignored that objective reality is not separate from thinking about it, that is, it does not exist without an "observer". The task of the physical theory is to overcome the abstractness of the ontology of the physics of modern times, its isolation from the context of practical development and change of entity. A physical object (but not a self-existent thing) cannot exist outside the process of thinking, because only for thinking it exists as an object. Outside of thinking there is only existent-self-in-itself, something that Kant called a "thing-in-itself". Objective being is, thus, not being-self-in-itself, but already a meaningful, real entity. We are talking about the "objectivity" of truth in the sense of the orientation of thinking on the study of existence-most-in-itself, but the term "objectivity" in relation to truth is failing, since it can create an illusion of the existence of truth as an object of actual being. Modern science gradually refuses to absolutise the objectivity of scientific knowledge, which can be observed on the example of the development of quantum physics. Knowledge must be adequate to being; this is its meaning and telos. However, the new European terminology that describes this adequacy is outdated. In the author's opinion, the main characteristic of scientific rationality is the opposition "truth - false", rather than "objectivity - subjectivity". The pluralistic nature of truth, the refusal to understand the observer as an instance that establishes the truth of judgements about the physical world lead to relativism. The new-European science narrowed the material world only to the existence of the "objective" (available), not seeing the difference between the existing being and the existent-self-in-itself. Quantum mechanics returned physicists to the ancient understanding of physical reality, which includes both the necessary moments of being-self-in-itself and the thinking of this being.