Arthroscopic treatment of the atraumatic shoulder instability: a case series with two-year follow-up evaluation

Background: The purpose of this work is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic capsulolabroplasty in patients affected by atraumatic shoulder instability (ASI). Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 10 patients (7 women and 3 men) who underwent arthroscopic treatment of symptomatic ASI. Mean age at evaluation was 27.9 (19-35) years and the mean follow-up was 23.3 (12-37) months. We evaluated recurrence rate, range of movement, apprehension and relocation tests, hyperlaxity, and sport activity. The ASES score, the Rowe score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were also used as outcomes measure. Results: None of the patients experienced episo des of dislocation or subluxation after surgery. The apprehension and relocation tests produced positive results in 2 patients. Six out of 10 patients reported apprehension with the arm in specific positions. The ASES mean score was 93.4 (55-100); the Rowe mean score was 85.5 (70-100); the SST mean score was 9.1 (5.8-10). On average, external rotation is reduced by 10 degrees in adduction, and by 8 degrees in abduction in 6 out of 10 patients; internal rotation is reduced on average by 6.6 degrees in abduction with the arm abducted, and was overall limited in 6 out of 10 patients. Conclusions: Arthroscopic capsulolabroplasty ensures excellent results in patients showing atraumatic shoulder instability in terms of recurrence. Still, an underlying insecurity persists and the risk of residual stiffness is tangible.