QUANTUM-MECHANICS OF PHOTONS

Electromagnetic radiation (photons) can be treated as a system with energy given by E2 = c2p2 and a corresponding Hamiltonian operator H = icp x, where x represents the vector Product Vector-valued wave functions PSI that satisfy the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for this system and the condition p . PSI = 0 have energy nw, and linear momenta +/- hkBAR and intrinsic (spin) angular momenta +/- hBAR in the direction of propagation; the lowest-energy (vacuum) state has zero energy and momentum. The first-order interaction of a particle with electromagnetic radiation can be formulated as a collision described in terms of particle and Photon coordinates.