Determining Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of the Bacteria Isolated from Urine Samples of Patients Attending Imam Khomeini Hospital in the City of Ahvaz, Iran in 2013

Infectious diseases are one of the most important causes of mortality in the world, especially in the developing countries. Resistance to antibiotics is a big problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. Identifying common pathogenic strains and their antibiotic resistance is necessary for appropriate treatment. The pattern of antibiotic resistance in every town, and even every hospital in a town is different. The present study aims to determine antibiotic resistance pattern in bacteria isolated from urine samples of outpatients attending Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran). This was a descriptive epidemiological study performed in Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) in 2013. For this purpose, all the positive cultures from outpatients were examined. In addition, identification of bacteria was done by microbiological methods and their antibiotic resistance was measured according to Kirby-Bauer method (using Antibiogram discs). Of the 189 positive cultures, Escherichia coli (E. coli) with 128 (67.72%), Klebsiella with 23 (12.16%), coagulase-negative staphylococci with 11 (5.28%), Streptococcus with nine (4.76%), Enterococcus with nine (4.76%), Pseudomonas with four (2.11%), Acinetobacter with three (58/1%), and Proteus with two cases (05/1%) were respectively the most common bacteria isolated. The percentages of antibiotic resistance in general were as follows: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56.39), nalidixic acid (55.49), cefazolin (54.27), cefixime (49.56), ceftriaxone (48.26) ciprofloxacin (37.52), gentamicin (26.55), and nitrofurantoin (12.71). In Gram-positive bacteria, in addition to the aforementioned antibiotics, resistance to three antibiotics of erythromycin, imipenem, and vancomycin were 62.68, 11.26, and 0 percent, respectively. This study showed that among drugs that are used as initial treatment of urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin have the lowest resistance and cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, and cefazolin have the highest resistant.