Advances in microsurgical techniques have led to the development of multiple corneal surgical procedures including penetrating keratoplasty, lamellar keratoplasty, epikeratophakia, conjunctival flaps, pterygium removal, and keratoprosthesis implantation. Along with new procedures, new complications have arisen that incite unacceptable or less acceptable results. In this chapter, we review complications of corneal surgery, with an emphasis on penetrating keratoplasty.