Erosive and cariogenic potential of various pediatric liquid medicaments on primary tooth enamel: A SEM study

Background. Oral pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) are commonly used in children who suffer from chronic diseases. The physicochemical parameters of PLMs can have a deleterious effect on tooth structure. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the erosive and cariogenic effect of widespread PLMs on the surface roughness and structure of primary tooth enamel. Material and methods. The erosive potential of 8 common PLMs used in Egypt was assessed by measuring their inherent pH, using a digital pH electrode meter. The total sugar content was measured according to the Fehling method. The erosive effect of each liquid medicine on the enamel surface of primary teeth was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content. Results. Most PLMs revealed an acidic nature, with pH values ranging between 3.47 and 6.92. About 93.8% of analgesics had pH values <= 5.5, critical for enamel demineralization, whereas most antitussives and 1 antibiotic (Augmentin (R)) had pH values >= 6.2. Sucrose was present in all the samples studied. The SEM analysis revealed observable differences in the tooth enamel in the experimental groups, with different degrees of surface roughness and erosion. Conclusions. The current results suggest that the pH, sugar content and Ca dissolution ability of PLMs can significantly influence erosion in primary tooth enamel.