EFFECT OF PHENOMENON XENIA ON TRAIT SEED OF MAIZE SUB-SPECIES CROSSES

To investigate the effect of phenomenon xenia in maize seeds, five genotypes were intercrossed. One genotype of each of (Zea mays L.) sub-species (Everta, Indurata, saccharata, Indentata and the white endosperm Denprofeski were crossbred. F1 and F2 seeds were investigated. The results showed that hybrid vigor or dominance were controlling seed trait. The gene (Y) of yellow kernel was dominant over white (y) with possibility of modifying gene sharing action on this trait. Reciprocal gave 1:3 ratios. That was a clear cut of dominance and not xenia. However, other traits of seed were controlled by female nuclei indicating the effect of two nuclei of female genes on one nucleus of male pollen. Seed weight showed hybrid vigour in F1 kernels (64%), and that seed weight could be increased in F1 seed and again in F2 seeds (on F1 plant) via hybrid vigour. Shape of dent was also controlled by female nuclei, and dent shape was dominant over flint when dent was female, and vice versa. Saccharata seeds gave dented shape when used as female while it gave flint shape or mid - parent when used as male. Seed shape was controlled by female nuclei, and saccharata seeds had triangular shape recessive to round shape. However, xenia per se was not exist, but it was dominance or hybrid vigour controlling on seed traits in maize.