The present text intends to discuss the economic, political and social meaning of human capital, in the way it was built by international organizations, especially for its application in Latin America, based on research results obtained, mainly by the analysis of the following documents: Human Capital Report 2016, Agenda 2030 and Human Development Report 2016. Later, the text moves in the direction of provoking reflection on human capital and on the theoretical assumptions of John Rawls, where justice and fairness have a prominent place. For Rawls, the possibility of less unequal societies would be possible by the fair distribution of opportunities to all, where individuals would be reasonably free for their choices. It is a perspective of strengthening the relationship between individuals, who would recognize in the need for the other individual to have the same training in order to avoid significant asymmetries, but respecting the options in which individuals are able to effect in free societies. It is concluded that he countries of Latin America are deficient when they squander their human capital from their populations, exactly at the point where the measures for the universalization of quality education are deficient, which translates into a waste of human capital, that could mean economic, political and social improvement in the life of these societies, including institutional stability. The research is bibliographical and of descriptive and dissertative character, in the end, when it assumes a critical position in relation to the set analyzed.
