Hydrochemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in the eastern plain of Hotian Prefecture, Xinjiang

Based on the groundwater quality test data of 116 groups in the eastern plains area of Hotian Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2018, the chemical characteristics and evolution law of groundwater were comprehensively analyzed by means of factor analysis, Piper trigraph, Gibbs model, ion ratio and hydrogeochemical simulation. The results showed that: Na+ and Mg2+ were the main cations the groundwater. Cl- and were the main anions in the groundwater, and the groundwater SO42- hydrochemistry type was SO4 center dot Cl-Ca center dot Mg type high hardness and salt water. Factor analysis showed that the chemical composition of groundwater was controlled by dissolution of rocks and evaporation concentration. The groundwater ions were mainly derived from the dissolution of evaporates rocks, followed by the dissolution of evaporates and carbonates. Single structure unconfined groundwater was mainly affected by evaporation and concentration, dissolution of rocks and human activities while the confined groundwater was affected by cation exchange. Along the groundwater flow direction, the hydrogeochemical simulation results indicate that the total amount of ions in the groundwater accumulated. Halite, dolomite, and gypsum were dissolved, and calcite was precipitated.