Intra-industry and inter-industry trade through the lens of comparative and absolute advantage

The article surveys the literature that emphasizes the importance of comparative and absolute advantages for intra-and inter-industry trade. Two conclusions follow form the survey. First, unlike the traditional view, intra-industry trade is determined rather by technology than by increasing returns. Second, absolute advantages that have been ignored in international trade models for a long time play a vital role through their linkages with product quality and export diversification. We also discuss a new strand of literature that models international trade with the assumption of non-homothetic preferences.