LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL POTENTIAL OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH "FOREIGN" ANTHROPONYMIC ELEMENT

The article focuses on the phraseological units with anthroponymic element, not related directly to the Russian cultural field, but obtained from the onomastic frame of a "foreign" culture, e.g. Balzac age (balzakovskiy vozrast), Buridan's ass (buridanov osyel), Hamlet's question (gamletovskiy vopros) etc. Such units with an anthroponym- element of a "foreign" culture has not been a subject of the complex linguistic and cultural analyses by now, which proves the urgency of this topic. According to our research the highest fixed phrase formational activity is characteristic of anthroponyms, denoting historic persons: Archimedean lever (Arkhimedov rychag), Pythagors' trousers (Pifagorovy shtany), the last of the Mohicans (posledniy iz Mogikan), Hannibal's oath (Gannibalova klyatva), platonic affection (platonicheskaya lyubov'), etc. Phraseological units with a "foreign" anthroponymic element, referring to the literary source, form the smallest group: poor Yorik (bedny Yorik), Baron Munchausen, Homerik laughter (gomericheskiy smekh), Pandorra box (yashchik Pandory) etc. A special group is formed by phraseological units, which we nominally called phraseological anthroponymic diads, combining two personal names: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Montecchi and Cappelletti, Romeo and Juliet. Contrary to an ethnic and cultural anthroponym, which can become a common name of objects and persons according to any features (e.g. to act dumb/idle) within the structure of a phraseological unit, anthroponymic elements of a foreign culture do not lose the animateness seme, keeping the semantics of an individuality. E.g.: The cognitive core of the expression Diogenes' barrel (bochka Diogena) or to look for somebody or something with Diogenes' lantern (diogenov (diogenovskiy) fonar') is just an anthroponymic element, due to which the precedents - legends, which the name of an old Greek philosopher Diogenes is mentioned in, - become actual in the linguistic consciousness. Thus, the expression Diogenes' barrel dated back to one of the legends, after which the philosopher, proving the negligence of the culture and considering a house to be luxury, lived in a barrel. In our opinion the solid requirement of fixing the dominant role of a particular anthroponym in the formation of a phraseological unit of a language is the availability of expressions, associated semantically with an equal common element, but different anthroponym- elements, compare: Hannibal's oath - 'a firm decision to fight with somebody or against something till the end; a promise to follow one's ideals all the time' and Hippocrates' oath - ' for intern doctors: a formal oath of fidelity to the duty of a doctor'. Phraseological units with a "foreign" anthroponymic element appear in a language during the symbolization of the images of a "foreign" culture. The appearance of such units in the Russian linguistic and cultural sphere is followed by the explication of cultural meanings, hidden deeply in the layers of phraseological semantics, but being urgent and important for the ethnic and linguistic consciousness of native Russian speaking persons.