Anemia in pregnancy: Factors influencing knowledge and attitudes among mothers in southeastern Nigeria

Aim Explored the factors that influence knowledge and attitudes toward anemia in pregnancy (AIP) in southeastern Nigeria. Subjects and Methods We surveyed 1500 randomly selected women who delivered babies within 6 months of the survey using a questionnaire. Twelve focus group discussions were held with the grandmothers and fathers of the new babies, respectively. Six in-depth interviews were held with health workers in the study communities. Results Awareness of AIP was high. Knowledge of its prevention and management was poor with a median score of 10 points on a 50-point scale. Living close to a health facility (p = 0.031), having post-secondary education (p < 0.001), being in paid employment (p = 0.017) and being older (p = 0.027) influenced knowledge of AIP. Practices for the prevention and management of AIP were affected by a high level of education (p = 0.034) and having good knowledge of AIP issues (p < 0.001). The qualitative data revealed that unorthodox means were employed in response to anemia in pregnancy. This is often delayed until complications set in. Many viewed anemia as a normal phenomenon among pregnant women. Conclusion AIP awareness is high among the populations. However, management is poor because of poor knowledge of signs and timely appropriate treatment. Prompt and appropriate management of AIP is germane for positive pregnancy outcomes. Anemia-related public education is an urgent need in Southeast Nigeria. Extra consideration of the diverse social development levels of the populations should be taken into account when designing new and improving current prevention and management programs for anemia in pregnancy.