The diisopropyl azodicarboxylate-triphenylphosphine mediated cyclization of serine and allothreonine derivatives provides peptide oxazolines, whereas cyclization of threonine containing substrates leads to N-acyl aziridines. In the thiopeptide series, only thiazolines are obtained. The presence of a moderately strong base is necessary for the formation of aziridines from threonine peptides.