This article is about Raul Castro's new political role in Cuba. His mission is not an easy one. He has to redefine a viable development project under new historical and geopolitical conditions; guarantee the country's stability; organize the passing from old historical leaders to the new generations; also, he has to initiate negotiation with the Obama administration. Will it be possible, from now on, to talk about a "raulism" or will the "fidelism" continue to take over? Also, how can he safeguard the sovereignty and independence along with the principle social conquests of fifty years, while, at the same time, he implements the structural reforms and tries to normalize the relations with the continent, specifically the United Sates? The answer, which is not obvious, has to be given by Raul Castro.