CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON-BLACK SURFACES BY COMBINED XPS AND SIMS MEASUREMENTS

The surface chemistry of different classes of carbon blacks has been analyzed by combined XPS and SIMS measurements and has been compared with related results on other carbonaceous materials. Systematic correlations between characteristic changes of XPS-signals and different SIMS-fragment ion signal intensities, e.g., in the amounts of graphitic/aromatic, aliphatic and C/O- and C/H-functional surface states have been observed. Different fragment ion species could be identified to represent distinct surface chemistry conditions. Especially by means of SIMS it seems to be possible to differentiate between various binding states of hydrogen at least qualitatively. On rubber blacks considerable differences in the relative surface concentrations of bound hydrogen and in its depth distribution were measured and qualitatively correlated with the surface free energy. A comparison of rubber and pigment blacks in dynamic SIMS experiments showed considerable differences in the surface sensitivity against ion induced decomposition.