Science and Technology Development in Russia and China: Comparative Analysis and the Prospects of Cooperation

The relevance of the article consists in the fact that taking into account modern global economic changes and the specialization of the Russian economy, it (the economy) is searching for ways to integrate optimally into the international division of labor; at the same time, cooperation with China becomes important. The main idea and goal of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of science and technology development in Russia and China and to identify prospects for their cooperation in the modern world economy. Scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that it analyzes the state of international cooperation in science and technology, and this analysis takes into account the overall situation in trade and economic cooperation, and manifestations of science and technology cooperation in trade; besides, the analysis takes into account science and technology cooperation factors such as the place of countries in the global innovative development, the presence of similar national priorities of science and technology development, and similar types of policy documents. Our typology of manifestations of science and technology cooperation includes spatial, sectoral and institutional parameters. We propose to take into account the specifics determined by modern trends in global economic development. The use of these approaches should contribute to the maximum integration of the priorities of science and technology cooperation between Russia and China and help the countries become leaders in the world market. In the course of the study we use comparative, causal, economic and statistical analysis, analysis of policy documents, and analysis of science and technology cooperation on geographical, sectoral and institutional parameters. Science and technology cooperation factors that we identify and the typology of manifestations of such cooperation are the main results of our study.